Referendum August 2010

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Referendum August 2010

***** Location: Kenya
***** Season: Cold and dry season
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation





A constitutional referendum was held in Kenya on August 4, 2010 on whether to adopt a proposed new constitution passed by parliament on April 1, 2010. The new constitution is seen as a vital step to avoid a repetition of the violent outbursts after the 2007 presidential election.

The result was a victory for the "Yes" campaign, with official figures released by the Interim Independent Electoral Commission (IIEC) showing 66.9% in favour, with the results counted in all 210 constituencies. The "No" campaign's main spokesman, Higher Education Minister William Ruto, has conceded defeat. The new constitution will come into force within 14 days of the results being published and will then be ushered in through a series of Acts of Parliament.

The referendum question was announced on May 13, 2010:

Do you approve the proposed new Constitution?
Swahili:
Je, unaikubali katiba mpya inayopendekezwa?

Voter's choices in response to this question were "Yes" or "No".
Due to high rates of illiteracy in the country, the law required that each response was accompanied by a visual symbol to ensure voters were aware of which choice they were making. The symbols chosen for this referendum were colours:
green for "Yes" and red for "No."

In order to be passed, the referendum required a simple majority over-all and at least 25% of votes in five of Kenya’s eight provinces.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

We have just gone through a successful referendum, the way to a new constitution, which comes into effect 14 days from today.

post referendum--
the purple ink still stains
my small finger

post referendum--
a 'YES' green cap abandoned
on a tarmac road

sleepless night--
adding up the green
vote

bright dawn--
the referendum results
go green

Patrick Wafula


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Caleb Mutua shares these thoughts:

First it was the mud-smearing campaigns...

referendum game--
kids elect their YES and NO
speakers

coast campaigns--
minister's effort to balance
on the donkey's back


Then the peaceful election...

referendum morning--
voter's bright faces in the
school compound


referendum--
prisoner's are made to squat
before voting


referendum day--
sweet peddler moves with
the voter's queue


full ballot box--
he pushes his vote in
with his fingertip


I even met with Patrick sensei that morning and we had a little chat on referendum and the possible outcome... we were right!


referendum day--
sensei shows me his inked
little finger

Caleb Mutua

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post referendum----
a puppy slowly wag his
brown tail


referendum----
euphoria warms a cold
morning

Everyone is really expecting things...pretty many things... to change around this magical country of ours.

she's still glued
onto that day's Daily----
post referendum

Catherine Njeri


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Later in August

Caleb Mutua writes

I am delighted to finally get a chance to share with you these Historic haiku in the history of Kenya concerning the new Constitution and the actual promulgation that took place on the 27th of August this year.

The promulgation ceremony was held at Uhuru Park that morning following the concluded peaceful referendum where majority of Kenyans passed the new law. A number of parties followed in celebration of the same after the official ceremony.

Because it was a historic event, people were expected to be seated by 8:15 am. However, anxious Kenyans started arriving as early as 3:00 am!

The mood was there alright...

August dawn--
promulgation cheers and shouts
in the dark park

Others wanted to see it all clearly despite pleas by the Mc of the ceremony to have them come down...




promulgation day--
Kenyans wave flags atop
Uhuru Park trees

chilly promulgation--
those without flags wave
their jackets

The Mc had informed the audience that they should not panic when the 21 gun-salute starts...




smoke of the guns

promulgation--
cheers and shouts after
each gun-salute

promulgation--
smiling president waves the
sealed constitution

Kenya reborn--
cheers shouts and more blaring
vuvuzelas

promulgation--
congested audience fall with a
cheering wave




the national colors


Look at more

. PHOTOS by Patrick Wafula



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Makadara polls --
a policeman handcuffs a
suspected vote buyer

Andrew Otinga
September 2010


Reference : Makadara by-elections


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Related words

***** WKD : Reference


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Hawkers for warm things

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Hawkers for warm things

***** Location: Kenya
***** Season: Cool dry season
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation


Hawkers and vendors of things to keep warm


glove vendor


hot coffee vendor

porridge vendor

scarf hawker

sweater hawker

More is here for now.


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There are also hawkers and peddlers during the other seasons. Some which are there at any time will be seen as a topic for haiku.




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Worldwide use



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Things found on the way


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HAIKU


Jevanjee Garden—
thick sweater of today’s
preacher


cold night--
a coffee vendor jostle in
the bus stop


coffee thermos--
a customer touches it
before buying

cold bus stage—
the piling of the white
coffee cups

city hawker
the thick scarf layer
on his neck


. . . . .


referendum day--
a sweet peddler moves with
the voter's queue

. Referendum Day August 2010 　


Caleb Mutua


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It is also worth mentioning the uji vendors.
(uji is a kind of porridge made from maize, not oats.)
Unlike the coffee vendors, these have been there for a long time. In this cold season, they seem to have increased. Most of the porridge vendors are women, and they carry the hot porridge in a 5 liter jerrycan, mostly yellow in colour. In hot and dry season, they peddle the porridge to construction workers and other workers in their respective work-places in the morning. In the evening, they do the same. Since the cold started, the vendors seem to have changed their pattern because I now
see them at any time of the day.


Porridge vendor—
he shakes and shakes till
the last spill

Caleb Mutua



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linen shirt --
another hawker calls
as I pass

catcalls --
the hawkers melt for the
city askaris

Anthony Njoroge


askari ... Swahili word meaning "soldier"


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Related words

***** WKD : Reference


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Mabati iron sheets

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Mabati (Swahili, plural)
Corrugated iron sheets (English)

***** Location: Kenya
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

The Swahili word "mabati" is one which every newcomer to Kenya learns within the first few days, as mabati are everywhere. They are the walls and roofs of houses, they are fencing, they are easily demolished, carried, and re-erected elsewhere. Even slum dwellers have mabati, which they may buy sheet by sheet, in order to build or extend their homes, to surround themselves with a protective wall, or to subdivide the interior of a house. Mabati are easy to erect (you just need some building timbers and suitable nails), and if they are used for housing, they keep off the rain, but magnify the heat or the cold -- and if the owner of the iron sheets moves, the mabati move along too.


Mabati fence


In the rural areas, they are fast replacing what remains of the traditional thatch. They have the advantage of being more easily available nowadays than the thatching grasses are, and they are clean enough to provide run-off drinking water, filling buckets, basins and tanks during the rains.
On the other hand, they have the disadvantage of poor heat insulation. City dwellers who stay in traditionally thatched houses for the first time, usually comment with pleasure about the very comfortable temperatures and the softer noise levels generated by the thatch.

The din of the mabati during heavy rains must be heard to be believed. During the hot dry season, on the other hand, they often emit tiny crackling sounds as they expand in the heat.

Video of mabati under pouring rain


Kenyans often use the English "iron sheet" as a translation of mabati -- this is not correct, as only corrugated iron sheets are normally mabati. Newcomers to Kenya usually switch to the Swahili word with great ease, as mabati are such an intrinsic part of modern day Kenya, whether urban or rural.

Mabati are usually left metallic and unpainted. Nowadays, painted mabati are also available in an array of colours, and they may be bent too, so as to form the roofs of bus shelters (e.g. the Country Bus Station in Nairobi) or markets (e.g. Muthurwa Market in Nairobi), where they project good modern design.



Old and new mabati used to build a slum house


~ Text and photos : Isabelle Prondzynski

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The most common use of mabati is to construct housing in informal or slum areas. Mabati do not as such have any seasonality, but they provide a number of kigo for the dry and rainy seasons.

During the two rainy seasons, they rust and turn brown. Therefore, mabati rusting can be a rainy season kigo. Most importantly of all, mabati roofing is very useful during the rainy seasons for harvesting rainwater for domestic use.

During the hot dry season, the heat shimmers from the mabati roofs; this shimmering is quite visible, although it does not have any direct use or application to humans and animals. What I know is that the shimmering roofs are used to dry cereals such as maize, millet, etc, etc.

What I like most about mabati is that during the cold dry season dew collects on them and drips. This can be harnessed as water for domestic use in places where water is scarce, such as Ukambani.

~ Patrick Wafula


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Worldwide use



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Things found on the way


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HAIKU


sunrise --
light through the mabati
wakes me up

sleepless night --
water drops from the old
iron sheets

~Isaac Ndirangu


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windy August night --
wet shoes on the mabati
roof rumble


World Cup --
they drum the mabati walls
celebrating Ghana


mabati roof...
gently pattering drizzle
in the blossoming dawn


sunny days --
the blue iron sheet's paint
peeling off


iron sheet roof --
the sound of raindrops
swallows our voices

~ Caleb Mutua


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mabati sheets
play a lullaby rhythm --
soft rain

~ Elung'ata Barrack


A church built and roofed with mabati


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evening downpour --
a row of basins below
the rusty iron sheets

~ Hussein Haji



cracking iron sheets
interrupt my study --
I take another shower

~ Anthony Njoroge



sunny afternoon --
iron sheets shine exposing
sun rays

~ Vivian Adhiambo



windy morning --
a noisy iron sheet swings
to the beat

~ Scholastica



leaking raindrops
from a rusty iron sheet --
rainy season

~ mwasia



reflection
from iron-sheet roofs --
sunny afternoon

~ Benard Nyerere



jua kali artisan
modelling an iron sheet --
a young jiko

~ Martin Kamau



early morning
rain drops fall heavily on
the iron sheets

~ Kelvin Mukoselo

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cold drizzle
on our mabati roof --
grey morning


April rain --
the spattering on the
mabati roof

~ Patrick Wafula


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first sun-
the cracking sound
of mabati

Otinga Andrew
January 2012


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a bird shelters
under the iron sheet -
scorching sun

Jesca Auma
February 2012


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Related words

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Irish Potatoes

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Irish Potatoes (Swahili : viazi)

***** Location: Kenya
***** Season: Cold dry season
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation

Irish potatoes are abundantly available in the cold dry season.
However, in Nairobi, we still have them in smaller quantities during the other seasons as well, since all fresh farm produce is brought to the huge Marikiti Market for sale all year round. In some rural areas, like Rift Valley or Western, Irish potatoes are only available during the cold dry season, i.e. May to August.

Patrick Wafula

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The potato was first introduced into Kenya by Irish missionaries, for whom this was the staple food -- hence the common name "Irish potato".
They grow well in the highlands of Kenya and have become part of the staple diet of the highlands people, such as Kikuyus and their neighbours. Potatoes are not normally eaten on their own, but mixed into vegetable dishes (together with cabbage and carrots) as well as into githeri. As climate change takes hold of Kenya and drought periods lengthen, Kenya's favourite staple, maize, is partially being replaced with potatoes, which seem to be more drought resistant.

Kenya also has many native starchy root crops, among them the sweet potato (Kikuyu : ngacî).
Isabelle Prondzynski


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Worldwide use

Japan

. Potato (jagaimo) 　


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Things found on the way



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HAIKU

Irish potatoes
peeping from an overstuffed sack --
a sweating cart man

Patrick Wafula


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another dawn --
his back curves under
a potato sack

Catherine Njeri Maina


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Great Famine potato makes a comeback after 170 years
"The Irish Lumper" returns, grown for the first time in generations
An Antrim potato farmer has re-cultivated a variety of potato at the root of the Great Famine, making it available in Ireland for the first time in almost 170 years.

The nutritious "Irish Lumper" grew immensely popular among impoverished Irish farmers in the early 19th century because if flourished in poor soil. However, the dependence on a single variety of spud proved disastrous. When the blight took hold in the 1840s, the Lumper was wiped out.

The potato variety had all but disappeared until Michael McKillop of Glens of Antrim Potatoes decided to grow the spud five years ago.
source : www.irishcentral.com


potato..
must we open
old sores

- Shared by John Byrne -
Haiku Culture Magazine, 2013



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Related words

***** Sweet potatoes (satsumaimo, Satsuma imo サツマイモ　) Japan



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Glove, gloves

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Glove, gloves

***** Location: Kenya
***** Season: Cold dry season
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation


Though they are rarely used, recently I have seen quite a good number of glove vendors in Muthurwa Hawker's Market and others who display and sell their gloves to the Matatu and other passengers on the traffic jam along Jogoo road; something I never saw before.
The teens consider wearing gloves whose fingers are cut a "cool" thing; so that only the palm of your hand is covered.

Caleb Mutua


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Worldwide use


Japan


. gloves, mittens, tebukuro　手袋 　
..... shutoo 手套（しゅとう）mittens
leather gloves, kawa tebukuro　皮手袋

kigo for all winter


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Things found on the way



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HAIKU

Jogoo road--
a glove vendor wearing
different pairs


Muthurwa gate--
a handkerchief vendor chats
with a glove vendor

Caleb Mutua


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Pangas, sickles and slashers

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Pangas, sickles and slashers

***** Location: Kenya
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation


Panga, pangas

A kind of machete.




The panga (Swahili) is a vital domestic implement at the centre of almost all domestic functions in both urban and rural Kenya.

It is used in gardening and farm work for cutting and pruning trees, as well as in making holes for sowing seeds. The panga, which is called lipanga, elipanga, olupanga or opanga in the various Luhya dialects, is also used in hunting, skinning big animals and hacking chunks of meet and bones. It is also used to cut and harvest firewood without destroying trees. In this case, one has to climb the tree and just cut the dry faggots or branches.

Lastly, the panga is also used in defence during an attack either by wild animals or aggression from human enemies.

Patrick Wafula


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Sickle, sickles
topic for haiku

The sickle is a very prominent domestic implement in the rural Kenya. It is used to cut grass for thatching houses and for fodder; it is also used to harvest wheat.

The sickle has been there for many centuries and it is regarded as a traditional implement because it can be made by local blacksmiths by smelting iron. The sickle is known in Kenya as ringa (Swahili) or eringa (Luhya).

In the rural areas, many Kenyans, who cannot afford corrugated iron sheets for their roofing, construct mud-walled and grass-thatched houses. The tall grass used as thatching material is carefully cut using a sickle and then dried before it is used. Such grass is long and cannot allow a person to squat or crouch as they carefully sickle the grass. The reason why the sickle is among prominent domestic implements is because grass-thatched roofs tend to be worn off either by stormy rains or violent wind, hence the thatches require frequent repair.

During the rainy seasons, small scale dairy farmers use the sickle to harvest grass for animal feed (fodder).

During the rainy seasons, small scale dairy farmers use the sickle to harvest grass for animal feed (fodder).

The sickle is a topic for the long rains, when it is used to harvest the tender grass for fodder and the mature grass for thatching and for thatching repairs.
It is also a topic for the short rains and the early hot dry season, when the mature brown grass is cut for thatching new roofs or repairing old ones that have been damaged by wind and rain.

Patrick Wafula


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Slashers, grass slasher



A long metal rod, at the bent end of which is a rather deadly wide knife, which workers swing to cut grass while themselves remaining in an upright position. Slashers are most commonly seen being used by local authority workers in public parks -- but they are also used along roadsides, in the open spaces within housing estates and in the smaller private gardens containing a piece of lawn. As Kenyan grass can be quite hard, the slasher is more effective than a lawnmower.

The season when the slasher is most used, is from the middle of each of the two rainy seasons, up to and including the start of the following dry season. This is when grass grows fastest, and it is therefore when grass needs to be cut -- not only for the sake of beauty and pleasure, but also to prevent snakes, insects and caterpillars from hiding within the grass.

Slashers are used by both women and men. Local authorities employ many women to slash their grass, normally working together as a team. This is normally done wearing one kanga as a skirt, and another on their hair, as grass flies all around while being cut. It is common to see men working with slashers in other locations. Injuries caused by slashers are unfortunately not entirely rare, and may be caused by slashing one's own or another person's legs, or from blisters on one's hands.

Slashers are sharpened by the same people who work their way round housing estates sharpening kitche knives with the help of bicycle-wheel contraptions.

Isabelle Prondzynski



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Worldwide use

Japan

. SICKLE (KAMA, ..GAMA 鎌)



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Things found on the way


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HAIKU


long rains --
I dig maize seed holes
with a machete

~ Anne Wairimu


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mob riot --
a man throws a machete
through the glass

~ Brian Etole (Peacocks)

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Idd ul fitr-
a muslim man sharpens
his panga knife

Brian Mulando in August 2012

. Idd ul fitr - Ramadan ends .


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Related words

***** Grasses and Weeds of Kenya



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Posho mill and wimbi millet

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Posho mill

***** Location: Kenya
***** Season: Topic
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

This is a mill that grinds your wheat or maize into flour.



Most Kenyans grow their own maize, the main staple food in Kenya, and if it is not eaten green (i.e. fresh) or cooked wholegrain in githeri, they take it to the posho mill to be ground, so that the meal can be eaten as ugali.

Isabelle Prondzynski

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Posho Mills in Kenya



In Kenya, both in the rural and urban areas, posho mills play an important role in economic life of Kenyans; they pulverize maize grain, which is the staple food of the country, into flour (unga). The flour is then used to prepare ugali or uji. Both are types of maize porridge -- ugali is tougher and firm, while uji has a soupy consistence.



Ugali is simple to prepare.
You just heat water to boiling point, then, using a cooking stick, add handful after handful of maize flour, stirring the mixture gently until it becomes firm. You then continue to heat it for some time more to make it firmer. It is best to keep turning the mixture in the sufuria (saucepan) to make sure it is well cooked before transferring it to a plate. It is then served hot with the various vegetables or stew according to one’s own taste.



David, a worker at the mill

Posho mills also grind other grain such as wheat and millet into flour. There are two types of posho mills: the electric posho mill and the diesel posho mill. The diesel posho mill is used in the remote and rural areas where there is no electricity. It has been in existence for a long time; in fact, it has been there since those days of the grinding mill. Before the diesel posho mill came into use, there was the grinding mill, which was operated manually by hand. It was very tedious as one had to turn the heavy wheel for some time.

Due to its laboriousness, it could produce only a little flour at a time, and the flour was coarse. Before the grinding mill came into existence, there was the grinding stone. This is the most traditional method of producing flour, still used by some of the most traditional communities in Kenya.

The grinding stone is simply a huge flat stone smoothened on the surface and the user uses a smaller stone to crush the grain between the two. The traditionalists argue that flour produced by the diesel and electric posho mills is contaminated with grease and oil hence not very not safe for human consumption. However, it is also argued that flour produced by the grinding mill contains minute stones, which come off the grinding stone surfaces due to friction. These minute stones are a health hazard as they may accumulate in the appendix and end up causing appendicitis.




The electric posho mill on the other hand is found in urban centres with electricity supplies. They are made and operate in the same way as the diesel posho mills, only that they use electric power. The flour produced by these posho mills is supposed to be safer, but it is still argued that the oil and grease used to lubricate the machine’s mobile joints sometimes finds its way into the flour. It is also debatable that the metal parts which wear out may end up in the flour, as there is no place provided where the micro metal pieces can collect.

All in all, posho mills are crucial to the lives of most Kenyans. In the evenings mostly, you will see a long queue of tins or polythene bags full of maize grain waiting to be ground. It is mostly women and children who take the grain to the posho mills for grinding, but sometimes, also men, especially the single ones working in towns, are seen in the queues.

When maize grain is cheap after bountiful rains, the majority of Kenyans save money by buying maize grain and taking it to the posho mill for grinding into flour, instead of going for the fine and sifted flour (sold mostly in 1 kg or 2 kg packs) in the shops and supermarkets. The full maize grain is measured in a standard tin of 2 kg. This tin, which is a reused cooking oil container, is referred to as korokoro. To grind a 2 kg tin of maize one is charged KShs. 10/-, while the maize in the same tin currently costs KShs. 50/-. The largest quantity of maize is the 90kg bag.


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WIMBI

wimbi means millet.
This posho mill grinds not only maize, but millet or wimbi as well. Wimbi is also called bulo, obulo or obule (Luhya).



Wimbi is one of the oldest grains to be grown by Kenyans, especially in Western and Nyanza. Wimbi has many domestic uses. One of them is the making of brown ugali or ugali ya wimbi as they call it. This type of ugali, is very special to the people of Western Kenya. It is eaten at all traditional ceremonies and rituals, the most remarkable one is being used during traditional weddings as a wedding cake.

The other use of wimbi is in the making of the traditional brew called busaa (Swahili) amalwa or kamalwa (Luhya). The millet used in this process goes through a special process which includes being kept under wet condition away from sunshine for a week, during which it produces white shoots. It is then spread out in the sun to dry up until it is brown. It is at this stage that is taken into the posho mill to be ground into flour, but this flour is not ordinary flour; it is called limela or limira, meaning yeast, and it is used to ferment the traditional brew called kamalwa. Busaa or kamalwa is a product of maize fermented maize flour fried and mixed with water and limela and allowed to ferment for three days.

Millet flour is also used in the making of brown porridge, traditionally known as buyu, obusera or busera (Luhya). The Luo call it nyuka. This is the most popular porridge in both rural and urban Kenya; you find it being sold even in big hotels, food kiosks, roadsides and even by hawkers.

To make the brown ugali even more delicious, the millet grain is usually mixed with pieces of cassava, which they call, kumwoko or omwoko (Huhoko: Swahili) and then taken into the posho mill for grinding. It makes a delicious meal when the brown ugali is eaten with meat and meat stew, chicken and chicken stew or fish and fish stew.

Text and Photos : Patrick Wafula


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Millet and sorghum are native crops in Kenya and prized for their drought resistant qualities.

In recent years, they have both been largely replaced by maize in Kenyan agriculture and in the Kenyan diet. One reason for this is that millet takes a whole year to mature, while maize yields two crops in the course of a year. Millet is also very attractive to birds and has to be protected from them while ripening, which makes it a more expensive crop to produce.

They have a long history in Kenya and are still prized as oodstuffs on the important occasions in people's lives.

Millet porridge (uji) is much appreciated and health giving and is the regular breakfast in parts of the country. It is also easily transportable in thermos flasks and can therefore provide good sustenance to farmers as they go about their daily work.

A particular type of millet (tef) grows only in Ethiopia and is essential for making injera, the Ethiopian staple carbohydrate.
Outside Ethiopia, the tef can be replaced with rice flour, which makes a decent enough injera for those who cannot obtain the real thing.

Isabelle Prondzynski



The swahili name for sorghum is mtama.


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Worldwide use


. Millet (hie, awa, kibi) 　Japan



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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

hot evening--
chicks pecking maize grains
in the posho mill

Alex Mwanambisi

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power failure -
a posho-miller leans
on the engine

James Bundi

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posho mill --
a dove pecks crunched maize
under the sieve

Isaac Ndirangu
April 2011


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Related words

***** Sufuria .. cooking pot or saucepan

***** Maize, Corn and githeri

***** Green Maize


. . . ugali


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Marikiti Market

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Marikiti Market

***** Location: Nairobi, Kenya
***** Season: Topic
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Wakulima Market (Farmers' Market),
usually abbreviated to Marikiti,
is situated on Haile Selassie Avenue, right next to Muthurwa Matatu Terminus and close to the Machakos Country Bus Station.

It is Nairobi's main wholesale market for fruit and vegetables -- these are delivered round the clock from all over the country, indeed even neighbouring countries. Before dawn, retail traders and the owners of small stalls around the city arrive in Marikiti to buy their provisions for the day and take them back so as to be able to sell from opening time. There is great competition for the freshest, the tastiest and the cheapest produce, and most of the small stallholders have developed a keen eye for what is best to buy.

There is a huge business of mikokoteni (plural of mkokoteni, a hand cart) around Wakulima Market, as most stall holders do not possess a vehicle, yet regularly buy quite substantial volumes and weights. The hand carts are driven by young men (usually just one, but sometimes several if the weight is great) and produce is delivered all over the city, often many kilometres away. Mikokoteni, though walked by their operators, are regarded as part of the road traffic of Nairobi, and both car and matatu drivers will do their best to overtake them without causing harm or injury.

The pavements around Marikiti are occupied by sellers of tiny quantities of fruit and vegetables to the passing pedestrians, who thus also benefit from the attractive prices of the wholesale market.

Isabelle Prondzynski



© PHOTO :　JacKE1, FLICKR


MORE
. Mkokoteni Haiku .


Reference : wikimapia.org, Marikiti wholesale market MAP


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Busy mkokoteni
The weight of the load was so heavy that he had to spend most energy on pushing down the bar in front of him, as well as pulling the load itself.





Following a mkokoteni on Jogoo Road


© PHOTOS :　Isabelle Prondzynski, FLICKR


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Worldwide use



*****************************
Things found on the way


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HAIKU


Irish potatoes
peeping from an overstuffed sack --
a sweating cart man


It is one of the specialities of wholesale fruit and vegetable markets in Kenya to present the produce, particularly potatoes, in overstuffed sacks. Where the sack as such ends, more potatoes are added to form a pile, and the whole is then closed by a network of sisal string, so that the customer can see the contents without having to cut open the bag. This arrangement also shows the generosity of the producer -- filling as much as possible into the sack, to add value.


In Kenya, we have two basic types of potatoes --
Irish potatoes (Swahili : viazi, called potatoes in Europe), and
sweet potatoes (Kikuyu : ngwacî).
Both are popular in parts of the country and belong to Kenya's staple foods.

Marikiti market --
the porter ahead of me
smelling of onions

squashed
avocados and pawpaws --
Marikiti market gate

main gate--
mikokoteni and trucks compete
for entry and exit


my shoe slides
on a shell of a water melon--
Wakulima Market

sweltering noon--
tired cart men take a nap
in their mikokoteni

a hurrying woman
slides on an orange peel and falls--
milling crowds

loaded lorries
queue to offload farm produce--
falling dry and green fronds

Patrick Wafula, July 2010


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I respect the energetic men in this market whose work is to carry sacks and other luggage for short distances. They use nothing but their back to carry the heavy sacks to a point where they have to walk while their back is bended almost at 90 degrees! You would think that the sacks have legs because you cannot see them and they cannot see what is in front of them, all they can manage is to whistle for you to give them way.

whistles
under potato sacks--
Marikiti Market

Caleb Mutua

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Related words

***** Pawpaw (Asimina) almost like a kind of papaya

***** . Mkokoteni hand cart .


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Beanie cap

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Beanie cap, beanie hat, mavin

***** Location: Kenya
***** Season: Cool dry season
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

A beanie is a type of cap that is put for warmth.
It completely covers your head except for the face. The children here are allowed to put on beanies, especially in nursery school, during these cold seasons. children beanies are of different colours, mostly red and green. Some have two dangling balls attached with a strings on top of the cap, that bounce when the kids walk or run.

I also see adults wearing beanies, mostly the hard working men and women who wake up very early in the morning to go to Marigiti (One of the biggest grocery markets in the city center, Next to Muthurwa Hawkers Market), and more recently, I have seen a number of BODA BODA drivers are wearing them, especially those who dont have helmets or before putting on the protective helmet. Even the ears are covered so you feel warm enough.

Caleb Mutua

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. . . CLICK here for another great photo !


*****************************
Worldwide use



*****************************
Things found on the way



beanie with Ninja Turtles


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HAIKU


June cold--
two kids run to school
with a beanie each

Caleb Mutua, June 2010


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a beanie left
on the clothesline --
rainy noon

Catherine Njeri


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shivering --
my sister is wearing
her torn beanie

Lucy Mukuhi



hot morning --
my brother struggling to remove
his beanie

Stephen Macharia


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BEANIES AND MAVENS
I have observed lot of children and even adults with them and there is an increased use by the motorcycle riders.

marble game--
an assorted colour beanie
on his head

shivering--
the boy pulls his maven
to cover the ears

James Bundi


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Related words

***** WKD : Reference


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Haiku Lesson One

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. HAIKU LESSONS
Caleb Mutua 　


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Haiku Lesson One : Introduction to Haiku

by Caleb Mutua

INTRODUCTION TO HAIKU

Haiku is an expression of a moment in which something happened that caught the poet's attention. A haiku poet is called "haijin".
Like a well taken photograph, haiku captures the present moment and at the same time preserves the special moments in three simple lines.


Where do we get haiku from?
Our environment is a rich source of inspiration. We should observe keenly the changes in our surroundings in order to write good haiku. Notice old and new things: the new fruit in the market, the light rain in the afternoon, the full moon at night or holiday celebrations. Find the simplest words and phrases to share with others your encounters in your haiku.


Essentials of Haiku
- Kigo (Season word)
- Short-Long-Short, three lines
- Kireji (Cut marker)
Each essential will be covered in the next class.


Keep it Simple and Clear.
Haiku is simple and should be simply written. Use of complicated words diverts the attention of the reader to the word rather than to the poem itself. ‘Big words’ also make it hard for readers to understand the poem and can easily lead to misinterpretations. A clear haiku does not leave question marks and confusion in the reader’s mind.


Read it Back
After you have written a haiku, assume you are the reader who will read your haiku; knowing nothing about what you observed. It is helpful to read the haiku again and again loudly to yourself or your friend to ensure that it does not sound like one long sentence and that there is a pause somewhere in your haiku. Listen to the rhythm, make sure the lines are not too hard to pronounce and that they flow smoothly as you read them aloud.


Why write haiku / why join Kenya Saijiki?

1.
For genuine love of poetry.
Most importantly, for enriching our lives through experiences and thoughts of different haijin in their poems, narratives and diaries. Observing and writing haiku should be a worthy use of each haijin’s leisure time.

2.
Kenya Saijiki has the most active haiku writers in the whole of Africa. It is a Kenyan forum that continues to provide an arena for members’ self discovery, seasonal consciousness and critical appraisal of their work. Shared haiku provoke discussions that bring enlightenment and knowledge to all members. A wide range of cultural information about Kenya and other parts of the world is preserved at member’s disposal in the Kenya Saijiki web pages. It is free to join.

3.
Writing haiku helps individuals understand and appreciate the Kenyan way of life, giving us a sense of belonging. Haijin also get to understand, respect and appreciate their diversity. This is further emphasized by occasional excursions that bring together all its members to participate in writing competition and appreciating other people’s haiku.

4.
While today’s world has dehumanized relations by constant pursuit for wealth, Kenya Saijiki provides its members with love, care and true friendship. Relationships are not material oriented and members shape each other’s attitude and behaviour for the better.

5.
Writing and observing haiku improves our communication skills. Careful choice and use of words is greatly emphasized. Despite its simplicity, haiku trains haijin on how to construct vivid images using simple words in their different compositions and at the same time improving their vocabulary. Haijin are also taught about how to use their five senses of perception in observing the world around them.

6.
Haiku club members are taught computer skills that enable them operate a computer and use the internet in order to be able to share their own haiku with the rest of the members through the internet. These lessons are offered freely to all Kenya Saijiki members and a certificate is awarded upon completion of the course.

7.
Observing and writing haiku teaches us to be aware of our environment and to care and protect our surroundings. We learn to take note of the seasons and realise how nature changes throughout the year. We learn more about human festivals and celebrations that recur at the same time each year.

8.
Haiku draws us closer to God. By observing nature around them, haijin see beyond the man-made world and appreciate the marvellous creative works of our Grand Creator that attest to His wisdom and love for humankind.


Conclusion
Just like any other acquired taste, loving and appreciating haiku does not come naturally to any of us; constant practice and exposure to other people’s haiku is needed.




. HAIKU LESSONS
Caleb Mutua 　

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Further Reference

Teaching Children about Haiku

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Haiku Lesson Two

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. HAIKU LESSONS
Caleb Mutua 　


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Haiku Lesson Two : KIGO

by Caleb Mutua

Introduction

Kigo is a word indicating the season in which the haiku is written. It does not only refer to bees, butterflies, green plants ctc. but to their changes within each season. Season words include the seasonal aspects in human life, such as ceremonies and festivals, lifestyle and food, as they change within the seasons. Traditional Japanese haiku are about the changes of the season (not simply about nature !! ) and the season words help to express this change. Because a kigo is very important in a haiku, it is sometimes called the lifeblood of the haiku, or the navel of the haiku. By using season words that reflect the nature of our country and its changes, the ceremonies and festivals we celebrate, we tell the world about our culture and way of life through haiku. It is therefore, very important for us to use Kenyan kigo that fit our cultural background.

Saijiki is a collection of season words. In Kenya, we have already started collecting season words. All haijin are requested to be conscious of their environment in order to identify new season words that can be added in Kenya Saijiki; even in Japan there are now movements to collect new kigo from rural areas, to compile "local saijiki" with local kigo. The following are some of the season words in their respective seasons that Kenyan haijin have collected.


Hot dry season
(roughly November to March, with January being the hottest month)
Buying school uniforms, Cassia blossom, Caterpillar, Hairy Caterpillar, Census, Christmas, Dust , Exam results, Form One entrants and monolisation, Frangipani, Plumeria, Goat Meat, Jamhuri Day (12 December), January, Maasai Cattle, Green Maize, Mango, New Year, Paying school fees, Peaches, Plums, Start of new school year , Sweating, Water shortage , drought, World AIDS Day


Long rains (roughly March to May)
Bombax blossom , First rainfall, Imminent rain, Bullfrogs, Easter, Flooding, Flying ants or termites, Gumboots, Heavy raindrops Ibis (Hadada), Labour Day, Mosquitoes, Mud, Palm Sunday, Good Friday, Power failure, Puddle, Stepping stones, Umbrella


Cool dry season
(roughly from June to September, with July being the coldest month)
Avocado pear (Kikuyu : Mûkorobîa), Bukusu Initiation / Circumcision, Day of the African Child (16 June), Dust, Frangipani, Plumeria, freezing Jiko (brazier), Maasai Cattle (Masai Cattle), Maize, Green Maize, Martyrs’ Day Uganda, Nairobi Bomb Day (7 August), Nairobi International Trade Fair (end of September),Oranges (Swahili Mchungwa), Sesbania Tree (Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.), start of University year… (Please suggest more season words)


Short rains (roughly October and November)
Aramanthus,Bullfrogs, First rainfall, Imminent rain, Ocober rain, Flamboyant tree, Flooding, Flying ants or termites, Graduation ceremony, Gumboots, Jacaranda blossom, Heavy raindrops, Kenyatta Day, Moi Day, Mosquitoes, Mud, Nairobi Marathon, Power failure. Puddles, School exams: KCSE / KCPE, Stepping stones, Tipu tree, Umbrella


One season word is enough in haiku. Ensure you have used a SEASON WORD and not the name of the SEASON. For instance: use mud, umbrella or puddle and not “rainy season” because the words themselves reflect that season.



. HAIKU LESSONS
Caleb Mutua 　

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Haiku Lesson Three

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. HAIKU LESSONS
Caleb Mutua 　


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Haiku Lesson Three : Kire and Kireji

by Caleb Mutua

Introduction

Kire is the Japanese word for the "cut" or break between two parts of a haiku.
Kireji means "cutting word", "cut marker" or "cutting sign".

We know that one haiku consists of two ideas or images. The first of the two ideas takes the first line while the second takes the last two lines. Equally good, the first idea is written in the first two lines and the second idea comes in the last line. The kire (the break) shows where the first idea ends and the second idea begins. In English language haiku, the cut marker is often written like this -- (two hyphens).

The purpose of the CUT within a haiku is to cut the poem and show that there are two ideas. The cut is not a substitute or abbreviation for things you wanted to say and had to leave out because of the shortness of haiku. You have to decide what you really want to say, what is really important in your context, and say it all.
Remember this:
The haiku has TWO ideas,
separated by one SINGLE cut marker.


Example of a cut (kire) after line one:

sunny day --
teachers discussing
under a tree

Line 1 contains a statement. This statement is not continued in the following line; instead, we have a cut. Lines 2 and 3 are one phrase which can be read together.


Example of a cut (kire) after line two:

the sun emerging
from behind a cloud --
June showers

When you read, you will notice that lines 1 and 2 are one phrase; they belong together, while line 3 is on its own. Notice how the cut has separated lines 1 and 2 (which form one idea) from line three (which is another idea).

When you write your haiku and place the cut marker, ensure that the sentence does not run on but that there is a break. When you have put the kireji in your haiku and the text still runs on (the whole haiku still reads like one long sentence), then that kireji is not REAL!
For example, the kireji in the following haiku is not real because the whole haiku reads like one long sentence:

between
columns of the library books--
sun rays find me

Even though there is a cut marker for a break, the whole haiku reads like one long sentence.

The haiku could be revised to read as follows:

a space
between the library books --
a ray of sun



The formula is: 3 lines; two ideas/images; 1 haiku.

The dash – (two hyphens) is an energetic break between the two statements. Always use two hyphens if you want to have a STRONG BREAK between the two ideas.

However, you can use three dots (...) as your kireji to show or demonstrate a slowing and running out of steam of a thought.
For example:

from deep in the forest
the crown birds sing wo-wang...
it is a new day


When reading a Japanese haiku aloud, you can read whilst breathing in until you reach the CUT, then read the rest while breathing out. That gives a natural rhythm and effortless flow. Take your cut to bring more depth, beauty, meaning, rhythm and melody to your haiku.

Practice using kireji either at the end of either the first or the second line until it becomes a normal part of your haiku and you no longer have to think about it.





. HAIKU LESSONS
Caleb Mutua 　

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Beggar, beggars

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Beggar, begging

***** Location: Kenya, Japan
***** Season: Topic
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Begging means asking people for money, food, shelter or other things, when one is not able to give anything instead. It is also referred to as sponging, spanging (short for "spare-changing") or (in American English) panhandling.

In larger cities, it is common to see beggars who ask for money, food, or other items. Typically, beggars often beg for spare change equipped with coffee cups, mugs, small boxes, hats, or other items into which monies can be placed and sometimes display signs with messages such as "Help me. I'm homeless."
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Bettler, Heimatloser


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chokoraa, chokora - "street boy" or "parking boy"

and "street children"
"street mothers"

These are the people (most often boys) living in the street, making an income from begging, collecting and selling rubbish for recycling, keeping an eye on parked cars, and also sniffing glue, eating whatever they can find, and stealing here and there. The government has a policy of bringing the street children into schools or training institutions, and they have become far fewer in the city centre of Nairobi in recent years. They do quite well if they are brought to a home and provided with education; their problem is that usually their parents cannot cope and abandon them to their own devices.

Isabelle Prondzynski

. . . CLICK here for Photos !




a chokoraa waves
his candidate's portrait--
Hamza terminus

Andrew Otinga
September 2010



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"Kenya has become a country of ten millionaires
and ten million beggars."

- Kenyan politican J.M. Kariuki, assassinated in 1975
source : www.kenya-advisor.com


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Worldwide use


Canada

August 25 is the annual Day of the Homeless in Toronto.
It's promoted by The Good Neighbours’ Club.
World Homeless Day is on the 10/10 each year.

Day of the Homeless
a memorial service
for John Doe

Chen-ou Liu
Canada

Reference : World Homeless Day


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India


cold January night -
I think beggars are the only ones
without a caste


bitterly cold night -
I toss coins one by one
towards a beggar

duly ironed
dhobi casts the moon
again in the sky


with the bowl--
beggar collecting
spring happiness

Manu Kant
JOJ, 2012


quote
The Dhobi are a caste group found in Pakistan, India who specialize in washing clothes. The word Dhobi is derived from Hindi word dhona, which means to wash. They are found throughout North India, Gujarat, Maharashtra as well as the Punjab province of Pakistan, where they are known as Gazar. The Dhobi is likely to be of diverse origin, with those who ancestors took the occupation of washing clothes evolving over time into a distinct caste, bound by rules of endogamy. Most Dhobis follow the customs and traditions of the region they live, so for example those in North India speak Hindi, while those in Maharashtra speak Marathi.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Japan

monogoi 物ごい / 物乞い beggar, begging

binboonin 貧乏人 Bimbo, "a poor person"

gokutsubushi 穀つぶし, 穀潰し, ごくつぶし a person without a job or income



hoomuresu ホームレス　homeless

. Poor Monk (dooshinboo 道心坊) .
konjiki, kojiki, kotsujiki 乞食 beggar, Bettelmönch


kojiki 乞食 beggar (an old word used by Issa)
tsuji no kojiki 辻の乞食 crossroads beggar





薦を着て誰人います花の春
. komo o kite tarebito imasu hana no haru .
who is this man wearing a straw mat ?

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .



. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶　and his Beggar Haiku .


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虱とる乞食の妻や梅がもと
shirami toru kojiki no tsuma ya ume ga moto

the beggar's wife
picks off the lice -
under the plum blossoms
Tr. Gabi Greve



月天心貧しき町を通りけり
tsuki tenshin mazushiki machi o toorikeri

the full moon
overhead, i pass through
a poor town
Tr. Robin D. Gill

. moon and Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


by Yamaguchi Hitomi 山口瞳

tsukitenshin, a kigo for autumn.

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runpen ルンペン　"Lumpen", tramp, loafer, bum, hobo





ルンペンに今宵のベンチありやなし
runpen ni koyoi no benchi ari ya nashi

for the tramp
a bench tonight -
maybe yes, maybe not




ルンペンのうたげの空に星一つ
runpen no utage no sora ni hoshi hitotsu

at the banquet
of the tramps high in the sky
just one star


. ルンペン晩餐図
Shinohara Hosaku 篠原鳳作 　



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boro　ぼろ　tattered cloths, rags
boro ichi　ぼろ市 flea market
Any piece of an old robe could be re-used like patchwork to make another robe, then a piece of wiping cloth and finally back to earth to become manure. In the Edo period, not one thread was wasted.


うしろからぼろを笑ふよ梅の花
ushiro kara boro o warau yo ume no hana

behind me
laughter at my rags...
plum blossoms

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. David Lanoue


. . . . .


boro utte sake koote samishiku mo aru ka

If I sell my rags
And buy some sake
Will there still be loneliness?

. 山頭火 Santoka and Sake


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Mongolia

Beggars in Mongolia
- Reference -


spring
while everything awakens
a beggar sleeps soundly

Sodkhuu Altanchuluun

. MONGOLIA SAIJIKI .


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Homeless
Down at city bus-link
Waiting, destination nowhere !

- Shared by Mokhtar Sah Malik -
Haiku Culture Magazine, 2014


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Things found on the way


. Deity to bring poverty 貧乏神 binboogami, bimbogami
with Haiku by Kobayashi Issa - bimbô kami





Priest Daito as beggar

Kojiki Daitoozoo
乞食大燈像(こじきだいとうぞう)
白隠慧鶴筆 Painting by Hakuin

source : Tokyo National Museum







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. Shotoku Taishi and Daruma as a beggar
聖徳太子とだるま



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HAIKU

なめくじよお主いつからホームレス　
namekuji yo onushi itsu kara hoomuresu

dear slug !
since when are you
homeless?

Maeda Tomio 前田吐実男
source : rekishitanbou.com


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sudden rain--
the dwarf beggar limps
to the pavement

Caleb Mutua


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Patrick Wafula

even beggars
line up mangoes for sale--
Haile Selassie Avenue

source : Nairobi Haiku



ndizi for lunch --
a ragged beggar
asks me for a coin

source : Arusha Travel


ndizi is Swahili for banana


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drizzling --
a beggar tightly clings to
a mug of hot tea

~Simon Magak (Bamboocha)

source : Tea in Kenya


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festive month--
Christmas tones from the
blind beggar's flute

Caleb David Mutua, Kenya, 2009

Christmas Haiku


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the old beggar -
a pockmarked face
always smiling

Gabi Greve, 2005
My beggar friend in India



cold winter eve -
a homeless heads
for KFC's backdoor

Gabi Greve, Fast Food



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winter sunset --
the beggar's shadow
grows thinner

Melissa Spurr
Shiki Kukai October 2009


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first snow --
the homeless man's bed is
no longer here

The first snow fell in Brussels on 25 November, when I wrote this haiku. The homeless man, who had lived for more than a year in the sheltered corner of an office building, disappeared that day with his bed and his few other belongings, which he had always kept so tidily. He has still not returned, and I wonder, worry, what has become of him...

Isabelle Prondzynski
Happy Haiku, December 2010


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mango peels-
a chokoraa makes
a feast

Andrew Otinga
Januaray 2011



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Related words

***** WKD : Haiku with BEGGAR


***** . kojiki shibai 乞食芝居 beggar's performance, beggar's play .
hitorishibai, hitori shibai　一人芝居 one-man theater
often with the left and right side of the body with different make-up and costumes, so one person could play two roles.


begger #beggar #kojiki
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